| | by admin | | posted on 12th November 2022 | The English Revolution | | views 2017 | |
The English Civil War Period is often perceived as a battle between the Royalists and Parliament for the control of England. However, the war was just as much about what the official faith of England should be.
By the time the civil war had started, England was sharply divided in its beliefs – with a variety of religious groups convinced that their faith should flourish after the fighting had ended.
Before exploring the various faiths that shaped the course of the civil war, it is necessary to explain why there were such vast religious tensions in mid 17th century England – and to do that YQN goes back in time to nearly 150 years earlier.
Henry VIII came to the English throne in 1509. Over the next few years, the Reformation – a movement seeking to break away from the perceived corrupt Catholic Church and its head, the Pope – swept across Europe, gaining many followers.
Partly due to the rise of the Reformation and partly due to his desire to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, in 1534 he made into law the Act of Supremacy.
This meant that, as well as being King of England, Henry replaced the Pope as God’s representative for the English on earth. Such a dual role of monarchy and religion required a new title and that was Defender of the Faith, thus making Protestantism the official religion of the land.
Elizabeth I succeeded her father to the throne in 1558. In taking the title Defender of the Faith, a systematic crackdown on Catholicism began — because Catholics were mostly seen as nothing more than traitors and terrorists. Simply praying to the Pope, head of the Catholic Church, could result in torture or death if believers did not retract their faith.
When the Protestant Scottish king James I came to the English throne in 1603, he was a worried man – concerned that there might be a Catholic uprising against him. Two years later, in 1605, led by a group of Catholic extremists, the feared revolt appeared in the form of the Gunpowder Plot.
The plot, designed to blow up Parliament when James I would be in attendance, ended in failure when one of its leaders was captured. The plotter was Guy Fawkes and, upon his arrest, he confessed to seeking to put a Catholic back on the throne. In his own words he wanted, “To blow you Scotch beggars back to your native mountains.”
Unsurprisingly, Fawkes endured a particularly brutal execution. Being hanged, drawn and quartered, his near-dead body was dragged through the streets of London. This was so, in the words of the time, ‘he could be put to death halfway between heaven and earth as unworthy of both’.
In an attempt to diffuse religious tensions, James I commissioned a new translation of the Bible in English with appeal to all British Christians. The King James Bible was finally published in 1611 and has gone on to be regarded as a classic of English literature.
Yet tensions remained, and not just with Catholics. The explosion beneath Parliament may have ended in a whimper, but the flames of dissent were lit and about to burn bright.
